{
    "id": 15258,
    "date": "2022-08-04T19:35:06",
    "date_gmt": "2022-08-04T17:35:06",
    "guid": {
        "rendered": "https:\/\/grain-africa.org\/?p=15258"
    },
    "modified": "2025-10-31T18:33:01",
    "modified_gmt": "2025-10-31T17:33:01",
    "slug": "ai-et-langues-africaines-locales",
    "status": "publish",
    "type": "post",
    "link": "http:\/\/grain-africa.org\/fr\/ai-et-langues-africaines-locales\/",
    "title": {
        "rendered": "AI ET LANGUES AFRICAINES LOCALES"
    },
    "content": {
        "rendered": "<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"15258\" class=\"elementor elementor-15258\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1502ffc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1502ffc\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" id=\"bc\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a350e1\" data-id=\"5a350e1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3daebed elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3daebed\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">AI ET LANGUES AFRICAINES LOCALES <\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-56335b3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"56335b3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc2ed90 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc2ed90\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"heading-divider\">\n<br><br><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bdbab71 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"bdbab71\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44884e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"44884e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>\n\nDe nos jours, la langue comme barri\u00e8re sociale, \u00e9conomique et technologique est de plus en plus discut\u00e9e. En contexte africain, les initiatives visant \u00e0 faciliter le quotidien des populations se sont multipli\u00e9es. Dans de nombreux pays, la maitrise limit\u00e9e des langues officielles est une r\u00e9alit\u00e9 qui a motiv\u00e9 les chercheurs (scientistes, sociologues, linguistes, etc.) \u00e0 d\u00e9velopper des outils pour combler le gap qui existe dans la communication et dans l\u2019utilisation de la technologie moderne (smartphone, ordinateur, site web\/plateforme, etc.). D\u2019autres justifications sont \u00e9galement avanc\u00e9es par les chercheurs notamment la pr\u00e9servation des langues comme identit\u00e9 culturelle et vecteur d\u2019int\u00e9gration sociale (African Language Program, 2021).Les pays anglophones semblent \u00eatre en avance quant \u00e0 l\u2019utilisation de la technologie de l\u2019Intelligence Artificielle (IA) dans la pratique linguistique o\u00f9 plusieurs innovations technologiques majeures ont vu le jour. En 2021, l\u2019entreprise sud-africaine de t\u00e9l\u00e9com Telkom et la start-up Enlabeler ont lanc\u00e9 la plateforme Izwe.ai qui propose des services de transcription et de traduction dans plusieurs langues locales avec une capacit\u00e9 d\u2019interpr\u00e9ter les accents sud-africains. Cette innovation bas\u00e9e sur l\u2019IA a pour but d\u2019impacter consid\u00e9rablement les secteurs de l\u2019\u00e9ducation, de la sant\u00e9 et des affaires afin de r\u00e9duire les in\u00e9galit\u00e9s. Au Rwanda, l&#8217;Ing\u00e9nieur en d\u00e9veloppement de logiciel Remy Muhire a fait partie d\u2019une \u00e9quipe qui a cr\u00e9\u00e9 un nouvel ensemble de donn\u00e9es vocales en libre acc\u00e8s pour la langue kinyarwanda, qui implique de nombreux volontaires s&#8217;enregistrant en langue locale\u00a0: le kinyarwanda. Au Nig\u00e9ria, ARIKPO et DICKSON (2018) ont d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 un traducteur automatique de l&#8217;anglais vers la langue locale nig\u00e9riane Efik en se basant sur le Traitement du Langage Naturel (NLP), une branche de l\u2019IA. De fa\u00e7on plus concr\u00e8te, le NLP s\u2019appuie sur une impl\u00e9mentation de mots et de th\u00e9matiques via une programmation pour fournir une traduction de qualit\u00e9.Au Nig\u00e9ria, le traducteur de ARIKPO et DICKSON a \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 par quelques outils similaires m\u00eame s\u2019ils sont bas\u00e9s sur des m\u00e9thodes diff\u00e9rentes. Awofolu et Malita (2002) ont mis en place un traducteur automatique de l\u2019anglais et vers le yoruba et vice-versa en utilisant des algorithmes d&#8217;analyse syntaxique et s\u00e9mantique classiques. Folajimi et Omonayin (2012) ont d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 un m\u00e9canisme de traduction bas\u00e9 sur le syst\u00e8me algorithmique (Statistical Machine Translation, SMT) qui traduit de l\u2019anglais en Yorouba. Odejobi et al. (2006) et Afolabi et al. (2013) ont men\u00e9s des travaux portant sur le d\u00e9veloppement d&#8217;un syst\u00e8me de synth\u00e8se vocale Yoruba en utilisant la m\u00e9thode de concat\u00e9nation. Afolabi et al. (2013)\u00a0 pr\u00e9cise que l\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat de l\u2019application des m\u00e9thodes d\u2019IA \u00e0 la langue Yoruba s\u2019explique par son importance au Nig\u00e9ria et dans plusieurs autres pays africains tels que le Benin ou encore le Togo. Ces technologies de traduction d\u00e9velopp\u00e9es doivent \u00eatre accessibles et faciles d\u2019utilisation. D\u2019apr\u00e8s la m\u00eame source, 70% des r\u00e9pondants ont reconnu sa facilit\u00e9 d&#8217;utilisation.\n\n&nbsp;\n<br><br>\nEn plus de relever ce d\u00e9fi d\u2019utilisation facile, les r\u00e9centes plateformes tentent de rendre possible la traduction en plusieurs langues. C\u2019est ce qu\u2019a r\u00e9ussi l\u2019innovante plateforme Mashakane (Iroro et al., 2020) qui offre une traduction de pr\u00e8s d\u2019une trentaine de langues locales africaines. D\u00e9velopp\u00e9e par une vingtaine de chercheurs (scientistes et informaticiens) d\u2019origine africaine, cette plateforme semble \u00eatre la plus aboutie en mati\u00e8re de traduction pour permettre de faire face aux probl\u00e9matiques de d\u00e9veloppement en Afrique.\n\n&nbsp;\n<br><br>\nPlus r\u00e9cemment, la qu\u00eate de solutions pour tirer profit des langues locales a fait l\u2019objet d\u2019un int\u00e9r\u00eat aupr\u00e8s de deux \u00e9tudiants. Dossou (2022) propose un mod\u00e8le d&#8217;IA pour aider \u00e0 traduire le fon en fran\u00e7ais. Son camarade, Emezue (2022) a lui travaill\u00e9 sur la traduction de l\u2019Igbo \u00e0 l\u2019anglais. Leur collaboration a abouti sur la cr\u00e9ation d\u2019un mod\u00e8le de traduction d\u00e9nomm\u00e9 Fon-French Neural Machine Translation (FFR) similaire \u00e0 Google Translate. Cette innovation permet de pallier les insuffisances de moteur de traduction actuel en langues locales africaines.\n<br><br>\nPar ailleurs, la litt\u00e9rature existante sur l\u2019utilisation de l\u2019IA en faveur des langues africaines permet de mettre en \u00e9vidence les potentielles retomb\u00e9es sur la vie des populations locales. Dans le domaine de l\u2019\u00e9ducation, l\u2019UNESCO promeut l\u2019IA comme moyen efficace qui pourrait \u00eatre mobilis\u00e9 pour r\u00e9pondre aux d\u00e9fis et enjeux qui p\u00e8sent sur ce secteur. L\u2019utilisation des langues locales en milieu scolaire concourrait \u00e0 de meilleures performances (Ouane et Glanz, 2010).\n<br><br>\nEn Agriculture, les exp\u00e9riences en mati\u00e8re d\u2019IA men\u00e9es au Kenya montrent de fa\u00e7on \u00e9vidente les avantages de l\u2019application de l\u2019IA en faveur des langues africaines (Brandusescu et al., 2017 et Assefa, 2018). Les populations rurales largement analphab\u00e8tes pourront rendre les syst\u00e8mes de gestion agricole plus efficaces et r\u00e9silients, disposer davantage de pr\u00eats par une meilleure inclusion financi\u00e8re et mettre en place des infrastructures ad\u00e9quates et durables.\n<br><br>\nDans le domaine de la sant\u00e9, de solutions innovantes existent et sont \u00e0 g\u00e9n\u00e9raliser pour faciliter l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux soins de sant\u00e9. Brandusescu et al. (2017) et Smith and Neupane (2018) mettent en \u00e9vidence les opportunit\u00e9s de l\u2019IA pour combler le manque de personnel de sant\u00e9 qualifi\u00e9. Disposer de conseils pratiques d\u2019experts en sant\u00e9 en langues locales via des plateformes ou applications mobiles est une avanc\u00e9e significative en m\u00e9decine surtout dans les zones rurales o\u00f9 la disponibilit\u00e9 de services et d\u2019infrastructures de sant\u00e9 manque cruellement.\n<br><br>\nDans les domaines pr\u00e9cit\u00e9s, l\u2019application de l\u2019IA s\u2019av\u00e8re \u00eatre une n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 pour surmonter les obstacles induits par l\u2019usage des langues officielles. Ces obstacles peuvent \u00eatre rigoureusement consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des in\u00e9galit\u00e9s car une sous population se retrouve souvent exclue. Cette exclusion concerne souvent les femmes qui sont de plus en plus prises en compte dans les perspectives. Le d\u00e9veloppement des technologies de l\u2019IA int\u00e8gre cette dimension genre qui pourrait favoriser et acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer l\u2019entrepreneuriat et le leadership des femmes. Durant ces cinq derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, les r\u00e9sultats sur la promotion en Afrique Subsaharienne sont satisfaisants\u00a0: en 2017, 27% des entrepreneurs sont des femmes soit le ratio le plus important des r\u00e9gions du monde (l&#8217;Indice Mastercard de l&#8217;entrepreneuriat f\u00e9minin, MIWE). L\u2019IA en limitant les barri\u00e8res de la langue se pr\u00e9sente alors comme une r\u00e9elle opportunit\u00e9 \u00e0 saisir dans le monde des affaires.\n<br><br>\nLe d\u00e9veloppement d\u2019outils d\u2019IA en faveur des langues africaines fait face \u00e0 des nombreuses contraintes. Ainsi, plusieurs facteurs sont \u00e0 exposer et les plus souvent abord\u00e9s sont un cadre juridique et r\u00e9glementaire \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer et le manque d\u2019initiatives pour disposer de financements \u00e0 la hauteur des opportunit\u00e9s que l\u2019IA peut offrir.\n<br><br>\nA l\u2019\u00e9chelle continentale, l\u2019Afrique compte peu d\u2019initiatives r\u00e9gionales en mati\u00e8re de\u00a0 politiques de d\u00e9veloppement et d\u2019encadrement de l\u2019IA traduisant des \u00e9normes progr\u00e8s \u00e0 commun\u00e9ment entreprendre (Gwagwa et al., 2020). L\u2019initiative phare est la Convention sur la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9 et la protection des donn\u00e9es personnelles (Union Africaine, 2014). Au plan national, seuls 17 des 55 \u00c9tats membres de l&#8217;Union africaine (UA) ont adopt\u00e9 une l\u00e9gislation compl\u00e8te en mati\u00e8re de &#8220;protection des donn\u00e9es et de la vie priv\u00e9e&#8221; d\u2019apr\u00e8s l&#8217;enqu\u00eate sur les politiques africaines en mati\u00e8re d&#8217;IA men\u00e9e par le Global Information Society Watch en 2019. Ces cadres r\u00e9glementaires doivent \u00eatre r\u00e9vis\u00e9s et mis \u00e0 jour pour prendre en compte les \u00e9volutions observ\u00e9es dans le domaine de l\u2019IA (Gwagwa et al., 2020).\n<br><br>\nD\u2019apr\u00e8s le rapport de The Web Foundation de 2017, l\u2019absence de cadre r\u00e9glementaire exhaustif freine quelque peu le d\u00e9veloppement du secteur. Les entreprises manquent de rep\u00e8re et d\u2019orientations strat\u00e9giques et le r\u00f4le de catalyseur des politiques publiques est loin d\u2019\u00eatre enclench\u00e9. Une action coordonn\u00e9e se fait sentir en impliquant tous les acteurs. De plus, le manque de donn\u00e9es probantes dans le domaine de l\u2019IA rend difficile voire quasi-impossible les \u00e9vidences bas\u00e9es sur l\u2019utilisation des donn\u00e9es (Web Foundation, 2017).\n<br><br>\nAu-del\u00e0 de l\u2019existence d\u2019un cadre juridique encore rudimentaire, la faible utilisation des langues locales africaines dans l\u2019\u00e9conomie mondiale domin\u00e9e par les langues \u00e9trang\u00e8res (l\u2019anglais, le fran\u00e7ais, le chinois, etc.) att\u00e9nue l\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat pour ces langues. Les g\u00e9ants de l\u2019IA, motiv\u00e9s par la rentabilit\u00e9 \u00e9conomique, n\u2019investiront pas si de r\u00e9elles perspectives ne s\u2019en suivent pas. Cela rend encore plus difficile l\u2019application de l\u2019IA aux langues locales africaines qui reste alors tributaire des initiatives locales mises en place par le secteur priv\u00e9 ou le secteur \u00e9tatique d\u00e9j\u00e0 limit\u00e9es financi\u00e8rement avec les probl\u00e8mes sociod\u00e9mographiques (pauvret\u00e9, ch\u00f4mage, sant\u00e9 etc.). Ainsi, en Afrique, les lacunes en mati\u00e8re de financement; de d\u2019investissement pour asseoir des STIM (science, technologie, ing\u00e9nierie et math\u00e9matiques) et de mise en place d\u2019infrastructure de qualit\u00e9 handicapent drastiquement les possibilit\u00e9s d\u2019une industrie des IA forte et inclusive.\n\n<br><br>\n<\/div>\n<ol>\n \t\n\n \t<li aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Aanu Adeoye, CNN,\u00a0\u00ab\u00a0Google has opened its first Africa artificial intelligence lab in Ghana\u00a0\u00bb,16\/01\/2019. Disponible sur\u00a0: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2019\/04\/14\/africa\/google-ai-center-accra-intl\/index.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2019\/04\/14\/africa\/google-ai-center-accra-intl\/index.html<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n&nbsp;\n\n \t\n\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/profile\/Afolabi-Akinlolu-Olarinde\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Afolabi Akinlolu Olarinde<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/profile\/Elijah-Omidiora\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00c9lie Omidiora<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> et <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/profile\/Oladiran-Arulogun\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Oladiran Tayo Arulogun<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">,\u00a0\u00ab\u00a0Development of Text to Speech System for Yoruba Language\u00a0\u00bb,2013. Disponible sur\u00a0: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/259852976_Development_of_Text_to_Speech_System_for_Yoruba_Language\/link\/00b7d52e284a2d161c000000\/download\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/download<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\n<\/li>\n\n&nbsp;\n\n \t\n\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Africanews, \u00ab\u00a0Pour une intelligence artificielle au service des langues africaines\u00a0\u00bb, 23\/12\/2021. Disponible sur\u00a0: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.africanews.com\/2021\/12\/23\/pour-une-intelligence-artificielle-au-service-des-langues-africaines\/\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/fr.africanews.com\/2021\/12\/23\/pour-une-intelligence-artificielle-au-service-des-langues-africaines\/\/<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\n<\/li>\n\n&nbsp;\n\n \t\n\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">AFRICAN NLP\u00a0,\u00ab\u00a0MASAKHANE &#8211; MACHINE TRANSLATION FOR AFRICA\u00a0\u00bb,2020. Disponible sur\u00a0: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/pdf\/2003.11529.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/arxiv.org\/pdf\/2003.11529.pdf<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\n<\/li>\n\n&nbsp;\n\n \t\n\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">AfricaNLP workshop, \u00ab\u00a0MACHINE TRANSLATION FOR AFRICAN LANGUAGES:COMMUNITY CREATION OF DATASETS AND MODELS IN UGANDA\u00a0\u00bb2022. Disponible sur le site\u00a0: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/openreview.net\/pdf?id=BK-z5qzEU-9\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/openreview.net\/pdf?id=BK-z5qzEU-9<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\n<\/li>\n\n&nbsp;\n\n \t\n\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Association for Computational Linguistics,\u00a0\u00ab\u00a0Participatory Research for Low-resourced Machine Translation: A Case Study in African Languages\u00a0\u00bb, 20 novembre 2020. Disponible sur\u00a0: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/347235065_Participatory_Research_for_Low-\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/347235065_Participatory_Research_for_Low-<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\n<\/li>\n\n&nbsp;\n\n \t\n\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Arthur Gwagwa,Erika Kraemer-Mbula1 ,Nagla Rizk,Isaac Rutenberg,J\u00e9r\u00e9my De Beer\u00a0\u00ab\u00a0Artifcial Intelligence (AI) Deployments in Africa: Benefts, Challenges\u00a0and Policy Dimensions\u00bb,01\/12\/2020. Disponible sur\u00a0: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/journals.co.za\/doi\/abs\/10.23962\/10539\/30361\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/journals.co.za\/doi\/abs\/10.23962\/10539\/30361<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\n<\/li>\n\n&nbsp;\n\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">BBC News,\u00a0\u00ab\u00a0L\u2019intelligence artificielle en Afrique: &#8216;j&#8217;ai appris \u00e0 un bot \u00e0 lire les sms de ma m\u00e8re&#8221;\u00a0\u00bb, (en ligne), 06\/05\/2020. Disponible sur\u00a0: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/afrique\/region-52552206\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/afrique\/region-52552206<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\n<\/li>\n\n&nbsp;\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" ><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Conf\u00e9rence : Atelier EACL 2009 sur les technologies linguistiques pour les langues africaines \u00ab\u00a0The SAWA Corpus: a Parallel Corpus English \u2013 Swahili\u00a0\u00bb,2009. Disponible sur\u00a0: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/234819266_The_SAWA_corpus_a_parallel_corpus_English_-_Swahili\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/234819266_The_SAWA_corpus_a_parallel_corpus_English_-_Swahili<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\n<\/li>\n\n&nbsp;\n\n \t\n\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gilles-Maurice de Schryver,\u00a0\u00ab\u00a0Introduction to the special issue on African Language Technology\u00a0\u00bb, Septembre 2011. Disponible sur\u00a0: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/220147642_Introduction_to_the_special_issue_on_African_Language_Technology\/link\/5a2d6dfe0f7e9b63e53d2bb6\/download\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/link\/5a2d6dfe0f7e9b63e53d2bb6\/download<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\n\n&nbsp;\n\n\n\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Guy De Pauw,\u00a0Gilles-Maurice de Schryver, Laurette Pretorius et Lori Levin,\u00a0\u00ab\u00a0Introduction to the special issue on African Language Technology\u00a0\u00bb 2011.Disponible sur\u00a0: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/220147642_Introduction_to_the_special_issue_on_African_Language_Technology\/link\/5a2d6dfe0f7e9b63e53d2bb6\/download\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/the_special_issue_on_African_Language_Technology\/download<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\n<\/li>\n\n&nbsp;\n\n \t\n\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Global information society watch, \u00ab\u00a0Artificial intelligence\u00a0\u00bb, 2019. Disponible sur\u00a0: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/337719898_Global_information_society_watch_2019_-_Artificial_intelligence\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/_Artificial_intelligence<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\n<\/li>\n\n&nbsp;\n\n \t<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/profile\/Iwara-Arikpo\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Iwara I.Arikpo<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, Universit\u00e9 de Calabar\u00a0\u00ab\u00a0Development of an automated English-to-locallanguage translator using Natural Language Processing\u00bb, Juillet 2028\u00a0. Disponible sur:<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/326722662_Development_of_an_automated_English-to-local%20%20%20language_translator_using_Natural_Language_Processing\/link\/5b609c96a6fdccf0b204ae0c\/download\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/326722662_Development_of_an_automated_English-to-local \u00a0 language_translator_using_Natural_Language_Processing\/link\/5b609c96a6fdccf0b204ae0c\/download<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\n<\/li>\n\n&nbsp;\n\n \t\n\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jade Z. Abbott et Laura Martinus,\u00a0\u00ab\u00a0Benchmarking Neural Machine Translation for Southern African Languages\u00a0\u00bb. Disponible sur\u00a0: <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.winlp.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/final_papers\/174_Paper.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">http:\/\/www.winlp.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/final_papers\/174_Paper.pdf<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\n<\/li>\n\n&nbsp;\n\n \t\n\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Journal of Literature, Languages and Linguistics, \u00ab\u00a0A Simple Data Driven Yoruba Language Dictionary\u00a0\u00bb 2015. Disponible sur\u00a0: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/core.ac.uk\/download\/pdf\/234693015.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/core.ac.uk\/download\/pdf\/234693015.pdf<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\n<\/li>\n\n&nbsp;\n\n \t\n\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Laura Martinus, Jason Webster, Joanne Moonsamy, Moses Shaba Jnr, Ridha Moosa, &amp;RobertFairon,\u00a0\u00ab\u00a0NEURAL MACHINE TRANSLATION FOR SOUTH AFRICA\u2019S OFFICIAL LANGUAGES\u00a0\u00bb 2020.Disponible sur\u00a0: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/pdf\/2005.06609.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/arxiv.org\/pdf\/2005.06609.pdf<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\n<\/li>\n\n&nbsp;\n\n \t\n\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Liu Kanglang and Muhammad Afzaal,\u00a0\u00ab\u00a0Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Translation Teaching: A Critical Perspective on the Transformation of Education\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0,2021.\u00a0Disponible sur\u00a0: <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/krepublishers.com\/02-Journals\/IJES\/IJES-33-0-000-21-Web\/IJES-33-1-3-000-21-Abst-PDF\/IJES-33-1-3-064-21-1159-Kanglang-\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">http:\/\/krepublishers.com\/02-Journals\/IJES\/IJES-33-0-000-21-Web\/IJES-33-1-3-000-21-Abst-PDF\/IJES-33-1-3-064-21-1159-Kanglang-<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\n<\/li>\n\n&nbsp;\n\n \t\n\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Louis-Nino Kansoun,\u00a0Osiris,\u00a0\u00ab\u00a0Izwe.ai, la plateforme d\u2019IA lanc\u00e9e par Telkom pour surmonter les barri\u00e8res de langues en Afrique du Sud\u00a0\u00bb, (en ligne), Sept 2022. Disponible sur <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.osiris.sn\/Izwe-ai-la-plateforme-d-IA-lancee.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">http:\/\/www.osiris.sn\/Izwe-ai-la-plateforme-d-IA-lancee.html<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\n<\/li>\n\n&nbsp;\n\n \t\n\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ouane A. and Glanz C., \u00ab\u00a0Why and how Africa should invest in African languages and multilingual education\u00a0\u00bb, 2010. Disponible sur\u00a0: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/files.eric.ed.gov\/fulltext\/ED540509.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/files.eric.ed.gov\/fulltext\/ED540509.pdf<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\n<\/li>\n\n&nbsp;\n\n \t\n\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Olufemi D. Ninan and Odetunji A. O.d\u00e9.jo.b\u00ed\u00a0\u00ab\u00a0Theoretical Issues in the Computational Modelling of Yor\u00f9b\u00e1 Narratives\u00a0\u00bb . Disponible sur\u00a0: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/drops.dagstuhl.de\/opus\/volltexte\/2013\/4142\/pdf\/p153-ninan.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/drops.dagstuhl.de\/opus\/volltexte\/2013\/4142\/pdf\/p153-ninan.pdf<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\n<\/li>\n\n&nbsp;\n\n \t\n\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Solomon Assefa\u00a0,\u00a0\u00ab\u00a0Hello Tractor pilot agriculture digital wallet based on AI and blockchain\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0,11\/12\/2018. Disponible sur\u00a0: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ibm.com\/blogs\/research\/2018\/12\/hello-tractor\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.ibm.com\/blogs\/research\/2018\/12\/hello-tractor\/<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\n<\/li>\n\n&nbsp;\n\n \t\n\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Thot cursus, \u00ab\u00a0La traduction en langues africaines : terrain d\u2019avenir pour l\u2019industrie linguistique mondiale\u00a0\u00bb, 01 \/12\/2019. Disponible sur\u00a0: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/cursus.edu\/fr\/21148\/la-traduction-en-langues-africaines-terrain-davenir-pour-lindustrie-linguistique-mondiale\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/cursus.edu\/fr\/21148\/la-traduction-en-langues-africaines-terrain-davenir-pour-lindustrie-linguistique-mondiale<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\n<\/li>\n\n&nbsp;\n\n \t\n\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">UNESCO\u2019s International Conference Language Technologies for All (LT4All)\u00a0,\u00a0\u00ab\u00a0AI4D &#8211; African Language Program\u00a0\u00bb, Decembre 2019. Disponible sur\u00a0: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/pdf\/2104.02516.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/arxiv.org\/pdf\/2104.02516.pdf<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\n<\/li>\n\n&nbsp;\n\n \t\n\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Web Foundation \u00abArtificial intelligence: Starting the policy dialogue in Africa\u00a0\u00bb , 2017. Disponible sur\u00a0: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/webfoundation.org\/docs\/2017\/12\/Artificial-Intelligence-starting-the-policy-dialogue-in-Africa.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/webfoundation.org\/docs\/2017\/12\/Artificial-Intelligence-starting-the-policy-dialogue-in-Africa.pdf<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\n<\/li>\n\n&nbsp;\n\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Yetunde Folajimi et Omonayin, Universit\u00e9 d&#8217;Ibadan, \u00ab\u00a0Using Statistical Machine Translation (SMT) as a Language Translation Tool for Understanding Yoruba Language\u00a0\u00bb F\u00e9vrier 2012. Disponible sur\u00a0: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/270960367_Using_Statistical_Machine_Translation_SMT_as_a_Language_Translation_Tool_for_Understanding_Yoruba_Language\/link\/54bad7810cf29e0cb04bd69e\/download\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/for_Understanding_Yoruba_Language\/download<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<br>\n<span style=\"text-align: center; color: #ee9000; font-size: 20px;\"><i>\u00a0Auteurs :Cheikh FAYE, Isac MINGOU et Ndierebi BA<\/i><\/span>\n\n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t  <div class=\"related-post grid\">\r\n        <div class=\"headline\">Articles similaires<\/div>\r\n    <div class=\"post-list\">\r\n\r\n            <div class=\"item\">\r\n            <div class=\"thumb post_thumb\">\r\n    <a  title=\"STEM ET EDUCATION : RECHERCHE DES GAPS LI\u00c9S AU GENRE\" href=\"http:\/\/grain-africa.org\/fr\/stem-et-education-recherche-des-gaps-lies-au-genre\/?related_post_from=579\">\r\n\r\n              <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/grain-africa.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/GRAIN_newlogo_273_-removebg-preview-1.png\" title=\"STEM ET EDUCATION : RECHERCHE DES GAPS LI\u00c9S AU GENRE\" alt=\"STEM ET EDUCATION : RECHERCHE DES GAPS LI\u00c9S AU GENRE\">\r\n\r\n      \r\n\r\n    <\/a>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n\r\n  <a class=\"title post_title\"  title=\"STEM ET EDUCATION : RECHERCHE DES GAPS LI\u00c9S AU GENRE\" href=\"http:\/\/grain-africa.org\/fr\/stem-et-education-recherche-des-gaps-lies-au-genre\/?related_post_from=579\">\r\n        STEM ET EDUCATION : RECHERCHE DES GAPS LI\u00c9S AU GENRE  <\/a>\r\n\r\n  <p class=\"excerpt post_excerpt\">\r\n    Not that long ago, people lived and functioned in tight communities. 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        "rendered": "<p>AI ET LANGUES AFRICAINES LOCALES De nos jours, la langue comme barri\u00e8re sociale, \u00e9conomique et technologique est de plus en plus discut\u00e9e. En contexte africain, les initiatives visant \u00e0 faciliter le quotidien des populations se sont multipli\u00e9es. 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